③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）

(2)关系词的分类

①标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类

②关系代词：在从句中做 主，宾，表，定

（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）

③关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)

3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子

定语从句分类

1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。

He is a teacher who works at our school.

2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开

Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.

比较：

He has two sons, who work in the same company.

(He has only two sons.)

He has two sons who work in the same company.

(Perhaps he has two more sons)

定语从句难点

1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)

(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语

She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)

(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语

He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)

(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略

Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.

比较：

Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）

2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)

(1)用that的情况

①以疑问词who开头的句子中

Who is the man that is shouting there?

②关系代词在从句中作表语时

She is not the girl that she used to be.

③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰

This is the very person that we are looking for.

(2)用who的情况

①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等

Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.

②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用who

Who is the boy that won the gold medal?

③在there be 结构中

There are many young men who are against him.

④在非限定性定语从句当中

Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.

3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)

(1)用which的情况

①在非限定性定语从句中

She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.

②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语

The pen with which you write is Jack’s.

③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.

(2)用that的情况

①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等

She did all that she could to help us.

②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修饰时

This is the very book that I want.

③先行词中既有人又有物时

She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.

④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时

This is the best book that I have ever read.

This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.

⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词已用which, 另外一个用that

He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用that

Who is the person that is standing at the gate?

4.as引导定语从句用法

(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。

常用于以下句型当中：such/so….. as…. 像…..一样 the same …. as… 和…...同样的

A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.

He is not the same man as he was.

(2)引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。

As I remember, there were a net bar here.

Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.

★the same as...和the same that...引导定语从句的区别

This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物)

This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. （同类事物）

5. 定语从句的解题方法

(1)判断从句是否为定语从句 （先行词，关系词，定语从句）。

(2)准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词。

【2021年】

1.（八省联考）Moreover, fully consider each option. It can be easy to let (let) a particular school become a front-runner early on in your decision-making process, and it may even become the winning choice—but be sure to carefully evaluate every school 61 has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each school.

答案：that

此处应填入引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词。当先行词前有all, every, any 等不定代词修饰时，关系代词多用that, 少用which

2.（浙江卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 57 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.

答案：that/which

考查定语从句/关系代词。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词，而先行词tool为物，故此处填关系代词that或which。

【2020年】

1. （江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from ______ students can choose for free.

答案：which

考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。

3. （天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.

答案：whose

考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句。

4. （新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.

答案：whose

考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。

【2019年】

1.（江苏卷）We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.

答案：when

考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。

2.（天津卷）Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.

答案：where

考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。

3.（全国I卷）One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.

答案：One afternoon 【where/when】 I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.

考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。

4.（全国II卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.

答案：where

考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。

5.（全国III卷）They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.

答案：who

考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。

6.（全国III卷） In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.

答案：In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical

environment【what/that/which】 is created for them.

本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。

7.（浙江卷）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.

答案：that/which

考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。

8.（北京卷）What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.

答案：where

句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。

9.（北京卷）The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.

答案：who/that

考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。

【2018年】

1.（北京卷）She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.

答案：which

考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。

2.（天津卷）Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.

答案：whose

考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。

3.（江苏卷）Self driving is an area___ China and the rest of the world are

on the same starting line.

答案：where

考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。

4.（全国I卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause).

答案：that或which

考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。

5.（全国I卷）They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.

答案：which改成in which或where

考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。

6.（全国II卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government _started_ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.

答案：that或which

考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。

7. （全国II卷）Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.

答案：that或who

考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。

【2017年】

1.（北京卷）The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.

答案：that

句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。______ we meet in our daily lives是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。

2.（江苏卷）In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

答案：whose

考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，

whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故用whose。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，

其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。

3.（天津卷）My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.

答案：whose

本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是My eldest son, 根据句意和空后名词确定引导词在从句中作定语， whose修饰名词作定语。

【2016年】

1.（北京卷）I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.

答案：whose

题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom。

2.（江苏卷）Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.

答案：of whom

考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故应用of whom。

3.（浙江卷）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.

答案：which

句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。

4.（天津卷）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.

答案：when

句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故用when。返回搜狐，查看更多